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- SPECTRAL LINE
-
- A distinct line differing from the spectrum around it. It can be darker (ABSORPTION LINE) or lighter (EMISSION
- LINE) than its surroundings.
- Spectral lines allow one to determine the presence or absence of different elements.
- In astronomy spectral lines allow one also to calculate the speed at which distant objects are retracting or approaching.
-
- When radiation of any wavelength passes through a cooler gas, a part of the photons in the radiation collide with the
- atoms or molecules of the gas, and tunes them to higher energy levels. Since only photons of certain wavelengths and
- energy can be absorbed, they then weaken the radiation of the wavelength in question. This is detected as dark
- absorption lines in the spectrum.
- An opposite process in which radiation passes a hotter gas, an excited molecule's or atom's charge is released when an
- electron moves from an outer orbit to an inner one around the nucleus. As a result, the atom's energy decreases and a
- photon is released. This is detected as bright emission lines in spectrum (pictured).
-